The government is set to expand the country's refining capacity, which is expected to grow from 258.1 million tonne per annum (MTPA) to 309.5 MTPA by 2030.

Additionally, the Petrochemical Intensity Index (PII) of public sector refineries is set to rise from 4.1 to 9.3 with ongoing and upcoming projects. The government has launched several initiatives to promote sustainable fuels, including biofuels, green hydrogen, and LNG. Key measures include achieving 20 percent ethanol blending through the Ethanol Blending Programme, promoting sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) under the PM JI-VAN Yojana, and advancing compressed biogas (CBG) via the SATAT scheme.

Furthermore, the National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to produce five MTPA of green hydrogen by 2030. These cleaner fuels are crucial for emission reduction across sectors such as transportation, cement, and steel, contributing to India's transition to a low-carbon economy in line with global climate goals.